The word arctic is derived from the ancient Greek word for bear, arktos. The reason is that constellation Ursa Major, the Great Bear, lies in the northern sky.
In Old English, the word with meant “against”, a meaning still preserved in phrases such as “to fight with”.
No English words rhyme fully with orange, silver, or month (there are, however, some partial rhymes, or pararhymes, for these words, such as salver for silver and lozenge for orange).
The longest English word that contains neither A, E, I, O, nor U is rhythms.
In English, the days of the week are named after the Saxon gods (except for Saturday, which is named after a Roman god). Sunday is named after the sun, Monday after the moon, Tuesday after Tiw, Wednesday after Woden, Thursday after Thor, Friday after Frige, and Saturday after Saturn.
The word boycott comes from Charles C. Boycott. He was hired by an Irish earl to collect high rents from tenant farmers who completely ignored him.
The Romans' milia (“thousands”) has come down to us as “mile”. A milia was the distance covered by 1,000 paces of a marching legionnaire.
Part of a Roman soldier's pay was made in salt, called salarium, and so pay today is called a “salary”.
The word “typewriter” is one of the longest that can be typed using only the top row of a standard QWERTY keyboard. (if you're curious, the others are “perpetuity”, “proprietor”, and “repertoire”). The longest word that can be typed using only the home row is “alfalfas”. No words can be typed using only the bottom row, because there are no vowels on the bottom row.
The word slave comes from Slav, the name of a group of Eastern European peoples. In antiquity, Germanic tribes captured Slavs and sold them to the Romans as slaves.
“Journal” does not contain a single letter of the Latin word from which it is derived: dies, “day.” Among the intermediate steps in its development were the Latin diurnus, the Italian giorno, and the French jour.
The quark, a building block of the proton, got its name from James Joyce's Finnegans Wake, from the line “Three quarks for Muster Mark! Sure he hasn't got much of a bark”.
The word “uptown” was in use before the word “downtown” was. Both words were originally used to describe parts of Manhattan.
A group of magpies is called a tiding, one of ravens an unkindness, one of turtledoves a pitying, one of starlings a murmuration, one of swans a lamentation, one of ponies a string, one of rattlesnakes a rhumba, one of crows a murder, one of cobras a quiver, one of foxes a skulk, one of emus a mob, one of elks a gang, one of cats a clowder, one of flamingoes a pat, and one of bears a sleuth. Groups of geese are named in a peculiar manner; when they are on the ground they are called a “gaggle”, but in the air they are called a “skein”.
Viking ships were steered by rudders on the right side, which the Vikings called styrbord, Old Norse for “steer side”, from which the English word “starboard” comes from. The Vikings docked their ships on the left side, which they called the ladebord, the “loading side”. This eventually became the English “larboard”, which sounded so much like “starboard” that it caused problems. So, the British Admiralty eventually ordered that the left side be known as the “port” side.
The word “daisy” comes from the Old English “daeges eage”, meaning “the eye of the day”, as it reminded people of the sun.
Many European advances during the Middle Ages were made possible by the Moorish occupation of Spain. The most important was the use of Arabic numerals. The Moors also brought other discoveries to Europe, which is reflected by the fact that words such as “algebra”, “lute”, and “magazine” are of Arabic origin. The Moors also introduced to Europe the game of chess.
The verb “cleave” has two opposite meanings. It can mean to adhere or to separate.
The words “beef” and “cow” come from the same Indo-European root.
A billion in America is different from a billion in Great Britain. An American billion is a thousand million (1,000,000,000), but a British billion is a million million (1,000,000,000,000). Most of the other names for large numbers are also different between the U.S. and the U.K. The American names are now finding increasing usage in Great Britain, however.
The name “Inca” originally did not refer to a race or to a nation of people. When Francisco Pizarro landed in South America in 1532, “the Inca” meant king or ruler, and by extension one of his ancestors or relatives.
Until the seventeenth century the word “upset” meant to set up (i.e. erect) something. Now it means the opposite: “to capsize”.
According to the third edition of The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary, there are 20 valid words containing no vowels.
“Dreamt” is the only English word ending in “mt”.
The word “dunce”, meaning a dull-witted or ignorant person, comes from the name of John Duns Scotus (1265-1308), one of the greatest minds of his time. Scotus, born in Scotland, wrote treatises on grammar, logic, metaphysics, and theology. He was educated at Cambridge and Oxford and pursued his master's degree in theology at the University of Paris where, in 1303, he became embroiled in one of the most heated disputes of the day. France's King Philip IV had moved to tax the Church in order to finance his war with England; in response, Pope Boniface VIII threatened to excommunicate him. For supporting the pope, Duns Scotus was banished from France. He later assumed a university professorship in Cologne. The term “dunce” was coined two centuries later by people who disagreed with Scotus' teachings and his defence of the papacy. To them, any of his followers (a “Duns man” or “Dunce”) was dull-witted, “incapable of scholarship and stupid”.
The word “kindergarten” is German for “children's garden”. Friedrich Froebel, who coined the term, originally was planning to use the term “Kleinkinderbeschaftigungsanstalt” instead.
The first use of the word “robot” to describe advanced humanlike machines was in 1920, in R.U.R., an early science fiction play. It comes from the Czech word robota, meaning “compulsory labour”.
The word “tragedy” is derived from two Greek words meaning “goat song”.
The word “abracadabra” originated in Roman times as part of a prayer to the god Abraxas.